Vitiligo

Vitiligo occurs when pigment-producing cells (called melanocytes) are damaged or do not function properly. This causes certain areas of the skin to become lighter or white compared to the surrounding skin.

Causes:

  The exact cause is not fully known, but several factors are associated with it:

  • Autoimmune condition – the immune system attacks its own melanocytes
  • Genetic factors – family history may increase the risk
  • Physical or emotional stress
  • Exposure to certain chemicals
  • Nerve or hormonal problems
Symptoms:

  The main sign is a change in skin color. Common symptoms include:

  • White patches on the skin (especially on the face, hands, elbows, and knees)
  • Hair in the affected area turning white or gray
  • Loss of color on the lips or inside the mouth
  • Sometimes changes in eye color

  Vitiligo is usually not painful or itchy, but it mainly affects appearance.

Prevention & Treatment :

 Vitiligo cannot be completely cured, but it can be managed:

   1. Medical treatment

  • Light therapy (UV phototherapy)
  • Medications to control the immune system

   2. Self-care

  • Use sunscreen to protect the skin
  • Avoid skin injuries (they can trigger new patches)

   3. Emotional support

  • Counseling or psychological support if experiencing low self-esteem
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